Study Guide.

These are the details that you have to include on the different sectors.

LENIN:

Origins of the Single Party State:

· Conditions that “produce” the Bolshevik party.

a. Failures of the Czar -1917:

i. How the Czar ruled.

1. Plehve Secret Police Background. Now Minister of Interior.

2. Infiltration of Society by Secret Police.

3. This is combination with radical intellectuals – Radical solutions rather than compromises.

4. Czar is sole ruler. Uses military and Secret Police to rule.

5. Failure to modernize the economy and the country side.

ii. War with Japan.

1. Two risks

a. No army for oppression.

b. Failures in the war will be blamed on the Czar.

2. Russia is defeated.

iii. Revolution of 1905.

iv. October Manifesto:

1. To little, to late.

v. The Reforms after 1905

1. Not enough and Stolypin is never given a chance.

b. Events 1917:

i. First Revolution February 1917.

ii. Abdication of the Czar.

iii. Left Russia in a political vacuum.

c. Failures of the Provisional Government.

i. Lenin and the Bolshevik form their own forum, using the soviets.

ii. Kornilov-affair.

d. The actual October Revolution:

i. Reasons for the Coup d’etat.

· Aims, Character and ideology of Lenin.

a. Lenin as a professional revolutionary.

i. Not aim of freeing workers, but gaining power.

b. April Theses.

i. Land and Peace.

ii. International Revolution.

c. Lenin actions in summer and autumn of 1917.

Establishment of single party state.

• Methods: Legal and Force.
• Red Terror on farmers and workers as a response to strikes.
• Creating a new system of Laws 1918, revolutionary courts.
• Political Crimes are introduced.
• Creating a strong Political/Secret Police.
• Creating an enemy, everything that is wrong is to be blamed on antirevolutionary groups.
• Signing the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty ending WW1.
• Murdering the Czar family.
• Causes the civil war.
• Popular Support.
• A few supported the Bolsheviks.
• Majority were fed up with Prov Gov.
• No democratic tradition.
• Use of Terror to control the people.
• Using party officials.
• Signing the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty ending WW1.
• Ideology, right wing left wing.
• War Communism.
• Forced Collectivization. .
• Production falls.
• NEP as a response.
• Treatment of opposition.
• Civil War and Terror.

Rule of Single Party State:

• Economic and Social politics.
• War Communism
• NEP
• This is an important part, showing how the rule had to change inorder to maintain power. Parallel to Mao and actions taken after the great leap.
• Use of political courts.
• Role of education.
• Question whether Lenin actually gets to start any educational policies.
• Role of propaganda.
• Massive use of propaganda, blaming any failures on the anti-revolutionaries.
• Lenin only get started before he dies. See Stalin.
• Role of the arts.
• See Stalin.
• Role of media.
• Status of Women.
• Treatment of minorities.

ETC……

Now your job will be to the similar to the rest of the dictators.