Questions to the renaissance:

1. Why do you think the changes taking place during the Renaissance didn’t affect the lives of the ordinary people for a long time? (c.t.)

2. How did the actions of powerful monarchs affect the church?

3. Give one reason why German princes supported Luther.

4. Why did Luther’s challenge cause a split in the church when earlier reform movements had not?

5. By 1600, what parts of Europe were mainly Protestant and what parts were mainly Catholic?

6. In the council of Trent had meet 30 years earlier, do you think the Protestant Reformation would had occurred? Explain.

7. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

8. What changes were taking place in business and agriculture during the Renaissance?

9. What were Luther’s main teaching?

10. What methods did the Catholic church use to fight the protestants?

11. How did the ideas and attitudes of the Renaissance encourage democratic values?

12. List three technical advantages that helped make the voyages of exploration possible.

13. How did growing trade with Asia lead to a shortage of gold and silver in Europe?

14. What economic role did the mercantilists think the colonies should play?

15. Why were both entrepreneurs and capitalists important in the commercial revolution? (c.t.)

16. Why did Portugal take lead in exploring a sea rout to Asia?

17. Explain how each of the following contributed to the development of overseas trade and expansion a. bankers b. insurances.

18. Why do you think the English colonists were in a better position to gain more self-government than colonists in New Spain or New France?

19. What impact did the commercial revolution have on Europeans? Which people in Europe do you think benefited most from the commercial revolution? Why?

20. In your opinion , why were the entrepreneurs important to economic expansion during the age of exploration? What kind of businesses might be started by entrepreneurs today?

21. Describe the events or developments that undermined Spain even at the hight of of it’s power?

22. Give two examples of how cardinal Richelieu increased royal power.

23. By the 1700s, why were European wars fought outside of Europe as well as in Europe itself.

24. How did Philip II make Spain the most powerful nation in Europe? Why did Spanich power decline during the 1600s?

25. Explain how each of the following persons helped make France an absolute monarchy a. Louis XIV b. Cardinal Richelieu.

26. What actions by Catherine the Great showed that Russia was one of the great powers of Europe?

27. In the end, did Spain benefit from the wealth of the New World? Explain.

28. “The royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself” (Bishop Bossuet, tutor to Louis XIV’s son ). What is meant by this quotation and what of the monarchs we have read about do you think would have agreed? Explain.

29. How did overseas trade and colonization affect Europe politically and economically?